A clot that forms between the skull and the dura lining of the brain is called an epidural hematoma. Symptoms vary depending on the location of the clot. A hematoma may be small or it may grow large and compress the brain. Clotting is the body's natural way to stop the bleeding. Blood that escapes the normal bloodstream starts to thicken and clot. Hematoma is a blood clot that forms when a blood vessel ruptures.The blood spreads over the surface of the brain causing widespread effects. Traumatic SAH occurs when small arteries tear during the initial injury. This space is normally filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which acts as a floating cushion to protect the brain. Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (tSAH) is bleeding into the space that surrounds the brain.Widespread axonal injury disrupts the brain's normal transmission of information and can result in substantial changes in a person's wakefulness. Axons connect one nerve cell to another throughout the brain, like telephone wires. It occurs when the brain quickly moves back and forth inside the skull, tearing and damaging the nerve axons. Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a shearing and stretching of the nerve cells at the cellular level.In coup injuries, the brain is injured directly under the area of impact, while in contrecoup injuries it is injured on the side opposite the impact. Contusion is a bruise to a specific area of the brain caused by an impact to the head also called coup or contrecoup injuries.Concussion is a mild head injury that can cause a brief loss of consciousness and usually does not cause permanent brain injury.Loss of consciousness lasting more than 6 hours. Severe: person is unconscious eyes do not open, even with stimulation. Some brain swelling or bleeding causing sleepiness, but still arousable. Loss of consciousness lasting 20 minutes to 6 hours.
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